Early Bronze Age

A period in the Levant dating to c 3200-1950 BC, just before Egypt's Archaic Period. Increasing urbanization was shown by the building of walled towns.

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Early Bronze Age

Proto-Neolithic

A transitional period between the hunting-and-gathering cultures of the Epipaleolithic and the farming cultures of the Aceramic Neolithic (c 9300-8500 BC). The term is used variously but here it includes the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A of the Levant and the early stages of the adoption of characteris...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Proto-Neolithic

First Temperate Neolithic

A term sometimes used to describe the earliest farming cultures in the temperate zone of Europe (and sometimes in other areas). In southeast Europe from c 5400-4500/4300 BC, there was the Starcevo (eastern and northern Yugoslavia), Körös (eastern and southwest Hungary), Cris (west and lowland Rum...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

First Temperate Neolithic

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

Levantine culture pre-dating the use of pottery, dated 7600-6000 BC, and first defined at Jericho. It originated in Syria and is characterized by rectangular buildings with lime-coated or plastered floors, by the cultivation of cereal crops, and by the beginnings of small-animal husbandry. Toward...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

Initial Period

The period of 1800-900 BC marking the introduction of pottery in Andean South America. It was also the time when agriculture and animal husbandry began to be the subsistence base for most cultures in the area. It is one of a seven-period chronological construction used in Peruvian archaeology. It...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Initial Period

Neolithic Revolution

A term coined by V.G. Childe to describe the origin and consequences of farming - the development of stock raising and agriculture - allowing the widespread development of settled village life (c 9000-6000 BC in Asia). This group of cultural processes marked the transition from an economy based o...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Neolithic Revolution

Neo-Assyrian

A political period of the Assyrian empire in the Iron Age, an extension of the Middle Assyrian. It lasted from Assurnasirpal II (883-859 BC) till Sargon, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and finally, Assurbanipal (668-627 BC). The Assyrian empire was destroyed by the Babylonians and Medes in 612 BC. The ...

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Neo-Assyrian

Pastoral Neolithic

A complex of cultures that appeared in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania about 3500 BC; a general term for the pre-Iron Age food-producing societies of East Africa.. It remains unknown whether they also cultivated plants. The earliest sites are on the plains of northern Kenya and date to the m...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Pastoral Neolithic

Western Neolithic

A main division of the Early and Middle Neolithic cultures of western Europe; it includes the cultures of Chassey, Cortaillod, Lagozza, Windmill Hill, and the Almerian. The local cultures differ in many ways, but have more in common with each other than with cultures of the other major traditions...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Western Neolithic

Eneolithic

A period in the Near East and southeastern Europe when copper metallurgy was being adopted by Neolithic cultures, in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC. The period is called the Chalcolithic in the Near East and the Copper Age in other areas.

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Eneolithic

Kintampo Neolithic

An industry of Ghana in West Africa with the first evidence of animal husbandry and food production, and dated to 3600 BP. This savanna woodland and forest margin in the basin of Black Volta River also had ceramics, flaked stone tools, and scored stone rasps that may have been used for grating or...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Kintampo Neolithic

Bronze Age

The second age of the Three Age System, beginning about 4000-3000 BC in the Mideast and about 2000-1500 BC in Europe. It followed the Stone Age and preceded the Iron Age and was defined by a shift from stone tools and weapons to the use of bronze. During this time civilization based on agricultur...

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Bronze Age

Primary Neolithic

A term used to describe the earliest British Neolithic cultures, such as the Windmill Hill culture. These cultures were thought to be intrusive early farming groups.

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Primary Neolithic

Submycenaean

Submiken dönem, Yunanistan'ın anakarasındaki Geç Helladik ve Protogeometrik dönemler arasında, Attika'daki mezarlıklarda bulunan seramikten ve orta Yunanistan ve Mora Yarımadası'ndaki yerlerden bilinen bir dönemdir. M.Ö. 1050-1020 tarhileri arasına tarihlendirilir.

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Submycenaean

A phase between the Late Helladic and the Protogeometric periods on mainland Greece, known from its pottery found in cemeteries in Attica and from sites in central Greece and the Peloponnese. It is dated c 1050-1020 BC. Pottery was the first art to recover its standards after the Dorian invasion ...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Submycenaean

Helladic

Helladik dönem, Yunanistan'ın orta ve güneyindeki Bronz Çağı'nı tanımlamak için kullanılan terimdir. Tıpkı Kiklad ve Minoan'ın sırasıyla Ege adaları ve Girit'teki Bronz Çağı kültürel dizilerini tanımladığı gibi. Erken Helladik İ.Ö. 3000–2000, Orta İ.Ö. 2000–1550BC ve Geç İ.Ö. 1550–1050 olarak tah...

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Helladic

Term used to describe the Bronze Age of central and southern Greece, just as Cycladic and Minoan describe the Bronze Age cultural sequences of the Aegean islands and Crete, respectively. The Helladic is divided into Early (3000–2000BC), Middle (2000–1550BC) and Late (1550–1050BC), with Late Hella...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Helladic

Cycladic Culture

Ege Denizinin güneyinde gelişim göstermiş Kiklad Kültürü olarak da anılabilecek Erken Bronz Çağı kültürü. Kiklad Adaları denilen adalar üzerinde İ.Ö. 3300-2000 tarihleri arasında varlığını sürdürmüştür. Kültür, yerel mermerden yapılmış karakterize figürinler, iyi işçilik ile yapılmış pişmiş topra...

archaeologsTurkishCultures, Periods

Cycladic Culture

Culture which developed on the Cyclades Islands in the southern Aegean during the phase known as the Early Bronze Age or Early Cycladic (c.3300–2000), characterized by a series of fine figurines made from the local marble. Most of the evidence of the culture is from its – much looted – cemeteries...

archaeologsEnglishCultures, Periods

Cycladic Culture

Orientalizing

Oryantalizan Dönem. M.Ö. 8. yüzyıl Ege havzasında önemli gelişmeler yaşanmaya başlanmıştır. Eski dönemlerden itibaren Anadolu’nun doğusu ve Önasya ile ilişkisi bulunan Batı Anadolu’da, özellikle doğu kökenli eserlerin görülmesi sanatta, kültürde ve ticaret hayatında önemli gelişmelerin ortaya çık...

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Orientalizing

The period in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, during which Scythian-Iranian Oriental objects with their animalistic motifs were spread and consequently imitated throughout the Mediterranean countries, especially in Greece and Italy. It is also the style of Greek art in that period, a decorative sch...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Orientalizing

Archaic

Uygarlığın gelişiminde erken bir evreyi tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terim. Yeni Dünya kronolojisinde, avcılığa, toplayıcılığa, balıkçılığa, zirai tarıma, çanak çömlek gelişimine ve köy yerleşimine geçişten hemen önceki dönem. Başlangıçta terim, seramik olmayan, tarım dışı ve sedanter olmayan b...

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Archaic

A term used to describe an early stage in the development of civilization. In New World chronology, the period just before the shift from hunting, gathering, and fishing to agricultural cultivation, pottery development, and village settlement. Initially, the term was used to designate a non-ceram...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Archaic

Pleistocene

Pleistosen Çağ, genellikle 2.6 milyon yıl önce başlayan ve yaklaşık 11.700 yıl öncesine kadar süren zaman periyodu arasındaki zaman olarak tanımlanır. Son buzul dönemi olarak da bilinen bu dönemde, gezegenimizin büyük bir bölümü buzullar ile örtülüydü.

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Pleistocene

A geochronological division of geological time, an epoch of the Quaternary period following the Pliocene. During the Pleistocene, large areas of the northern hemisphere were covered with ice and there were successive glacial advances and retreats. The Lower Pleistocene began c 1.8 million years a...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods

Pleistocene

Acheulean

Aşölyen, Paleolitik Çağ’da Homo sapiens ve Homo erectus’un el baltaları ve yongalardan hazırlanmış kesici alet kullanımıyla standartlaştırdıkları kültürdür. Adını Fransa, Somme'daki Saint-Acheul'den alır.

archaeologsTurkishPeriods

Acheulean

A stone tool industry, in use from about 1.6 million years ago until 125,000 years ago. It was characterized by large bifaces, particularly hand axes. This tool-making technology was a more complex way of making stone tools than the earlier Oldowan technology. More flakes were knocked off from bo...

archaeologsEnglishPeriods