Toltec

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Important Mesoamerican people of composite origin - a mixture of Chichimec tribes and more advanced groups from Puebla and the Gulf Coast - which controlled central Mexico from 900-1100 AD. After absorbing civilized peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Toltecs produced a warrior-dominated society, worshipped of tribal god Tezcatlipoca, and put emphasis on human sacrifice. In the 10th century, they established their capital at Tula, north of modern Mexico City. The Toltec state ended in the departure of the Quetzalcoatl faction in 987 AD. After conquering many Maya cities, this faction established itself at Chichen Itza and transported its architectural style but incorporated Maya features. This group of Toltecs was ousted about 300 years later. Evidence of Toltec influence (e.g. Mazapan ware, metallurgy, imported Plumbate ware, massive architectonic decoration) has been found at many sites, including Chichen Itza, Xochicalco, and Cholula. Numerous fragmented Toltec groups seem to have survived in central Mexico after the destruction of their capital and their prestige caused many Post-Classic groups to claim them as ancestors, most notably the Aztec.

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