Lincoln

An important Roman colony in eastern England on the main Roman route north. The site is on the intersection of two principal Roman roads, the Fosse Way and Ermine Street, and shows earlier traces of Iron Age occupation. Roman use was possibly from as early as c 43 AD, and by c 60 a turf and timber fortress was built for the 9th Legion. By about the end of the 1st century, a colonia was established with stone walls and tower defenses. Industrialized pottery production is probable and remains survive, mostly from the 3rd and 4th centuries, of walls, baths, mosaic floors, and a stone sewage system. Evidence for an aqueduct seems to show an uphill gradient, which may imply the use of pumps. Three Roman gateways still exist, including Newport Arch.

[Roman Lindum]. An important Roman colonia in eastern England on the main Roman route north. The site on raised ground above the River Witham relates to the intersection of two principal Roman roads, the Fosse Way and Ermine Street. Limestone of good quality was available from a local quarry. The site shows earlier traces of Iron Age occupation. Roman use was possibly from as early as o43 ad, and certainly from c60 a turf and timber fortress had come into existence. By about the end of the 1st century a colonia was established, with stone walls and tower defences. Pottery kilns have been found, especially concentrated in the area of Swanpool and Bootham, and imply an industrialized production of pottery. Substantial remains survive, mostly from the 3rd and 4th centuries, of walls, baths, mosaic floors and a remarkable stone sewage system. Evidence for an aqueduct seems to show an uphill gradient, which may imply the use of pumps. Three of the Roman gateways are to be seen, including the famous north gate, or Newport Arch, which is currently still used by traffic and pedestrians.