The capital of the Muslim province of Egypt during the Umayyad and 'Abbasid caliphates, and under succeeding dynasties, until captured by the Fatimid Jawhar in 969. Founded in 641 by the Muslim conqueror of Egypt, 'Amr ibn al-'As, on the east bank of the Nile, south of modern Cairo, al-Fustat was the earliest Arab settlement in Egypt and site of the province's first mosque, Jami' 'Amr. It was burnt to the ground in 1168; it was rebuilt by Saladin, who joined it with Cairo. Fustat ware is style of pottery originating from al-Fustat. Characteristic qualities are white glaze and pigments from lemon to intense copper in color. Some pieces are incised and covered with transparent glaze.