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architectural
Learn ancient buildings.
Recently Added in
architectural
Shaft Tombs (China)
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Seven Wonders Of The World
A list was made in the Hellenistic period of what were then considered to be the seven greatest wonders of the world. These were normally: (1) the Great Pyramids of Egypt; (2) the Gardens of Babylon (New Babylonian period, 626-539 bc); (3) the Temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus (4th century bc)...
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English
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Architectural
Seven Wonders Of The World
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
San Vincenzo Al Volturno
An important Benedictine monastery in Central Italy, founded early in the 8th century and probably at its largest in the 9th century. San Vincenzo was sacked by Arabs in 881 and the monastery was abandoned. The site was later reoccupied on a smaller scale, and eventually the monastery was taken o...
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English
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Architectural
San Vincenzo Al Volturno
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
St Gall Plan
A remarkable Carolingian document, probably formulated after the Council of Inden in 816 and then sent by the Abbot of Reichenau to Abbot Gozbert of St Gall. The plan, drawn in ink on parchment, is an architect’s drawing for the rebuilding of the monastic complex. The layout is dominated by the l...
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English
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Architectural
St Gall Plan
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Sacsahuaman
An immense fortified complex, built as an adjunct to the Incan capital at Cuzco, and begun some time after 1438. Thought to have functioned as a storage centre and military garrison in peacetime, it was used as a safe haven for Cuzco residents in times of danger. Its north-facing limestone walls ...
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English
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Architectural
Sacsahuaman
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Qin Shi Huangdi
[Ch’in Shih Huang-ti]. Ruler of the Qin state of China (from 246 bc) and first emperor (r. 221-210 bc) of the Qin dynasty. Qin Shi Huangdi completed the unification of China begun by earlier rulers of Qin; he standardized the legal code, weights and measures, currency, and script form throughout ...
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English
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Architectural
Qin Shi Huangdi
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Ostrow Lednicki
An island in Lake Lednika which is one of the most important medieval sites in Poland. Excavations began in the mid-19th century and established that the earliest 9th-century settlement lay within natural defences, but that in the early 10th century the site was fortified by a 10-metre high rampa...
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English
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Architectural, Helmets
Ostrow Lednicki
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural, Helmets
Opus Sectile
[Latin: ‘sectioned work’]. Technical term used by Vitruvius (Roman architectural writer, c30 bc) of a decorative type of floor or wall surface. In a ‘mosaic’ made up of relatively large segments, geometric, floral and figured designs are made up from specially cut, thin pieces of coloured marble....
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English
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Architectural
Offa’S Dyke
A linear earthwork, 192 km long, built by King Offa of Mercia (r. 757-96) as a frontier between his kingdom and the kingdom of Powys. It consists of a large earthen bank and quarry ditch, and runs almost continuously between Treuddy and Chepstow, close to the border of England and Wales. Archaeol...
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English
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Architectural
Offa’S Dyke
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Odeum
[Greek odeion: ‘music-hall’]. The term perhaps originates with the Odeion built by Pericles at Athens in the 5th century bc and intended for musical and artistic performances of some kind. This seems to have been a large rectangular building, with a forest of internal columns, and capped by a pyr...
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English
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Architectural
Oc-Èo
A site in southern Vietnam, near the border with Cambodia, thought to have been the main port of the kingdom of Fun an, built on a Neolithic site. Excavated in the 1940s, it yielded, in addition to objects of local production, a large amount of traded goods not only from India and China, but also...
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English
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Architectural
Oc-Èo
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Nymphaeum
[Greek nymphaiorv. ‘sanctuary of the Nymphs’]. An inexact term, used of a Roman pavilion or pleasure-house, which could vaguely be characterized as having fountains, statues and flowers; often a fountain with a rich architectural surround.
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English
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Architectural
New Grange
One of the largest and most splendidly decorated passage graves of the Boyne area of Ireland, c40 km north of Dublin. The mound has a diameter of 80-85 metres and is cl 1 metres high; it is surrounded by a kerb and an outer freestanding circle of stones, originally 35 in number, of which only 12 ...
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English
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Architectural
New Grange
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Nakada
[NagadaJ. See Pre-Dynastic Egypt.
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English
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Place Names, Architectural
Nakada
A settlement site in the western suburbs of Tokyo, Japan, best known for the 79 pit houses of the Kofun Period. A change in heating and cooking methods was introduced in the middle of the Kofun Period, from a central hearth on the floor to a clay stove built against the wall. Various, but not num...
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English
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Place Names, Architectural
Nakada
Added by archaeologs
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Place Names, Architectural
Monte Alban
Located in the central Southern Highlands of Mexico, overlooking the valley of Oaxaca, this Zapotec capital is an immense complex of monumental construction. At the heart of the site is a huge plaza (300 by 200 metres) dominated by three central mounds. It is flanked on the east and west by templ...
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English
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Architectural
Monte Alban
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Mississippi Tradition
The last major cultural tradition in prehistoric North America, the core area of which was the central Mississippi Valley. At its maximum extent it covered most of the southeastern USA and had outposts as far north as Aztalan in Wisconsin. Although there is considerable internal variability, its ...
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English
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Architectural
Mississippi Tradition
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Architectural
Metallurgy (Japan)
Metal tools are first reliably documented in Japan as continental imports about the same time as wet-rice cultivation was established in northern Kyushu around 300 bc. By the middle of the Yayoi period, in the 1st century ad, bronze bells and weapons that were much larger than their continental p...
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English
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Architectural
Metallurgy (Japan)
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Megaron
A building consisting usually of three rooms: a large hall, usually with a central hearth, entered by way of a smaller vestibule, which is itself preceded by a porch. Buildings of this sort formed the central structures of Mycenaean palaces, but there are predecessors of generally similar form in...
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English
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Architectural
Mansio
Kind of Roman lodging-house. Communications throughout the Roman Empire were maintained by the provision along main roads of places to change horses (mutationes) and to stay overnight {mansiones). The mansio can be archaeologically difficult to identify, but is frequently sited near the town gate...
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English
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Architectural
Maltese Temples
The tiny islands of Malta and Gozo in the central Mediterranean south of Sicily provided the setting for the development of an impressive prehistoric architectural tradition of stone temple-building. Between <4000 and 2500 bc the inhabitants of the islands constructed at least 12 major temple com...
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English
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Architectural
Maltese Temples
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Lubna
The type site for a regional group of the earlier Bronze Age Trzciniec culture, the Lubna group is distributed in central Poland in the early 2nd millennium be. Stratified settlement sites are rare, with many sites constructed in sandy areas. One of the best-preserved cemeteries is the type site,...
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English
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Place Names, Architectural
Lubna
Added by archaeologs
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Place Names, Architectural
Loro Jonggrang
Monument of the Pram-banan group in the region of Yogyakarta in central Java, Indonesia, built c913 by king Daksha as the funerary temple of his predecessor, king Balitung. The largest monument of the group, it is particularly known for its lively Brahmanic relief scenes.
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English
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Architectural
Loro Jonggrang
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
L’Anse Aux Meadows
A site on Epaves Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, containing evidence of a Viking settlement during pre-Columbian times. Material which is anomalous to the cultural setting of the time, such as remains of turf-built houses (which have cognates in Greenland and Iceland), iron rivets, slag, a ring-headed...
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English
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Architectural
L’Anse Aux Meadows
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Iron And Steel (China)
The earliest iron artefacts known from China are a few blades forged from meteoritic iron (see Beijing, Gaocheng, Xincun). Iron does not seem to have been smelted until about the 6th century bc, at which time wrought iron and cast iron appear more or less simultaneously. The iron artefacts of thi...
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English
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Architectural
Iron And Steel (China)
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Ionic
(1) One of the principal regional dialects of ancient Greece, closely related to Attic, and characteristic of the so-called ‘Ionian’ cities of Asia Minor. (2) In classical architecture, the Ionic order, which emerged after Doric (perhaps from about 570 bc) in the context of Aegean and eastern Gre...
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English
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Architectural
Ionic
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Inchtuthil
An unfinished Roman fort in Tay, eastern Scotland, built by Agricola during his Scottish campaigns of the early 80s ad. Started about 83, the fort covered some 20 hectares, and was constructed largely of earth and timber. Its buildings include 64 barracks; a commandant’s house, officers’ quarters...
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English
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Architectural
Inchtuthil
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Île Longue
An Early Neolithic passage grave in the Locmariaquer area of southern Brittany, situated on a small island in the Gulf of Morbihan. The tomb, built of stone orthostats with a corbelled vault, is a good example of a classic passage grave.
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English
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Architectural
Île Longue
Added by archaeologs
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Architectural
Île Carn
An Early Neolithic grave in Brittany, built of dry stone walling with a corbelled vault to the chamber. Inside were only a few sherds and flint flakes. There is a radiocarbon date of c3270 be (c4100 bc).
Added by archaeologs
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English
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Architectural
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