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Archaeologs

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Buckle

A flat rectangular or oval frame with a hinged pin, used for joining the ends of a belt or strap.

EnglishOthers

Bucket Urn

Type of large Middle Bronze Age pot of the Deverel- Rimbury ceramic tradition of southern Britain c. 1500 bc through to 1200 bc . Bucket urns are plain with some applied cordons, have straight slightly sloping sides, wider at the top than the bottom. They were used on domestic sites for storage a...

EnglishTools

Bucket Urn

Tools

Bucket

A cylindrical open container with a handle, used to carry liquids.

EnglishOthers

Bucchero

A fine gray pottery, with a black or gray shiny surface, which was produced principally in Greek-speaking or Etruscan areas between the 8th and 5th centuries bc . Shapes and decoration styles varied greatly - incised, stamped, and applied techniques were employed. This earthenware pottery was com...

EnglishOthers

Bubalus Period

The earliest phase of rock art in northern Africa, between 12,000 and 8000 bc , in which large-scale carvings of animals appeared. These early engravings - in southern Oran, Algeria, and Libya - reflect a hunting economy based on the now-extinct giant buffalo Homoioceras antiquus or Bubalus antiq...

EnglishPeriods

Brownware

A brown-glazed earthenware; pottery that fires to a brown or reddish color.

EnglishAncient Pottery

Brooch

An ornamental pin or piece of decorative metalwork attached by a pin, that was either a fastener or ornament; they are found from c. 1400 bc . Brooches developed from the Roman fibula, which was similar to a safety pin, and were first made at La Tene on Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland. Their styles v...

EnglishOthers

Bronze Mirror

Any of the smooth-faced bronze disks of eastern Asia in the late 2nd millennium bc . These cast-decorated items became important to the Han dynasty elite in China. In Korea and Japan they were used for rituals or ceremonies.

EnglishArtifacts, Tools

Bronze Age

Second age of the Three Age System, beginning about 40003000 bc in the Middle East and about 2000-1500 bc in Europe. It followed the Stone Age and preceded the Iron Age and was defined by a shift from stone tools and weapons to the use of bronze. During this time civilization based on agriculture...

EnglishPeriods

Bronze

An alloy of copper and tin that is harder than copper. Bronze was made before 3000 bc , though it was not used in tools and weapons for some time. Tin added to copper made casting easier and the edges of tools and weapons harder. The proportions of copper and tin varied widely (67-95% copper in s...

EnglishOthers

Britannia Metal

A silvery alloy consisting of tin with about 5-15% antimony and usually some copper, lead, or zinc.

EnglishOthers

Briquetage

Thick-walled, very coarse ceramic material used for making evaporation vessels used in saltmaking from the mid 2nd millennium bc through to medieval times in northern Europe. [VCP, very coarse pottery]

EnglishOthers

Bridle

Headgear for a horse, usually consisting of a series of buckled straps and a mouthpiece by which the horse is controlled. A bridle bit is a metal mouthpiece used to control an animal, usually used on a horse.

EnglishOthers

Brick-Relief

A technique of sculpture with subjects in bas-relief on a brick surface or wall.

EnglishOthers

Brick

An important building material of individual blocks of clay or mud, some with tempering of sand or straw. Bricks, which are not always rectangular, may be baked in a kiln to terra cotta or sun-dried; the latter are referred to as mud bricks or adobes. The chief building material throughout the Ne...

EnglishOthers

Breton Arrowhead

A type of barbed and tanged arrowhead, highly symmetrical in form, with slightly concave or convex sides and flared barbs and the tang the same length as the barbs. It is characteristic of the Early Bronze Age in northern France and southern Britain.

EnglishOthers

Breastplate

A piece of armor covering the chest.

EnglishOthers

Break

Evidence of accidental damage to a stone tool that resulted in the loss of an appreciable part of an artifact (usually the distal or proximal part) and altered its length, width, or shape.

EnglishOthers

Brazing

A method of joining one piece of metal to another by making both red hot so that the metal fuses.

EnglishOthers

Brass

General name for alloys of copper with zinc or tin, with the proportions about 70-90% copper and 10-30% of the other base metal. It is possible that due to difficulties in introducing the zinc ore calamine into the melt, brass appeared later in use than bronze (copper and tin) and other copper al...

EnglishOthers

Branding Iron

A heated iron used to label, burn, or mark animals, slaves, criminals, etc.

EnglishOthers

Bradshaw Figures

Small, red, painted figures in scenes of the Kimberley region of Western Australia, named for Joseph Bradshaw who discovered them.

EnglishRegions

Bradawl

A small tool that pierces material, with a flat cutting edge.

EnglishOthers

Bracteate

A coin, medal, dish, or ornament made of thin, beaten metal - usually gold or silver. These items were often disk-shaped, hollow on the underside and convex on the upper.

EnglishOthers
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