Archaeologs - Archaeologs

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Marnians

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Marlik Tepe

Royal cemetery of early Iron Age (late 2nd millennium bc) date, occupying a natural spur overlooking a fertile valley southwest of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. A total of 53 graves was excavated in the early 1960s; some contained rectangular stone slabs, on which the body with its grave good...

EnglishPlace Names

Markkleeberg

A site just outside Leipzig in East Germany, where gravel pits have revealed gravels earlier than the Saale ice maximum advance in the region. They contain a cold-indicating fauna of early penultimate glacial date and numerous stone artefacts, especially Levallois flakes.

Markkleeberg

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Mariette

(1821-88). Starting his career in the Louvre, Mariette spent most of his life in Egypt, where he became head of the new Egyptian Antiquities Service in 1858. He excavated many of the most important sites of ancient Egypt, and although his excavations were carried out according to the unsystematic...

Mariette

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Marianas Islands

An island group in western Micronesia. Excavations have revealed a sequence starting with settlement cl500 be, perhaps from the Philippines (Marianas Redware Phase), and continuing after AD 800 with settings of large coral limestone pillars in double parallel rows (latte), which presumably served...

Mari

[modem Tell Hariri]. Situated on the middle Euphrates River in Syria, Mari was a wealthy and powerful city in the 3rd and early 2nd millennium bc. The city probably dates back to the Early Dynastic II period and was occupied until its final destruction by Hammurabi in 1757 bc on the Middle Chrono...

Inarching Camp

Usually refers to a Roman temporary military camp. The Roman army on the move had a systematic procedure for overnight and short-stay stops. Surveyors laid out a suitable and reasonably flat rectangular site, tent positions were planned and marked, and a ditch and low rampart were quickly dug, us...

Inarching Camp

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Marca Huamachuco

An important regional centre located in the northern highlands of Peru near the ruins of Viracocha Pampa. The site consists of a complex of circular and rectangular multi-storey buildings in cut stone (10-metre high walls still stand) and is surrounded by a stone wall 1 km long and 4 metres high....

Marathon

A coastal plain on the northeast coast of Attica and, under classical Athens, location of a deme (subordinate township). The area shows evidence for some kind of occupation from Neolithic times, through Helladic, continuously to Classical. The area gains most fame as site for the Battle of Marath...

Marajo Island Sites

A number of sites on an island group located in the mouth of the Amazon River, which evidence a long sequence of ceramic use. A single radiocarbon date of c980 be relates to the earliest Anana-tuba phase which has relatively deep shell middens that imply a long-term stable residence unusual for t...

Marajo Island Sites

archaeologsOthers

Marae

Stone temple of Eastern Polynesia, usually consisting of a stone platform [ahu] in a walled, paved or terraced court. The word marae (or malae) also refers to an open space within a village in Tonga, Samoa and New Zealand. Marae comprise important archaeological remains in Easter Island (here cal...

Mapungubwe

An Iron Age hilltop site in the Limpopo Valley, northern Transvaal, South Africa. The material from the earliest levels is very similar to that from the nearby site of Bambandyanalo. Later developments in the 14th and 15th centuries ad included finer pottery, evidence for the spinning of cotton, ...

Maoris

The Polynesian native people of New Zealand, whose ancestors arrived about ad 900 from central Polynesia, (possibly from Cook Islands, or Society Islands). See New Zealand.

Mansio

Kind of Roman lodging-house. Communications throughout the Roman Empire were maintained by the provision along main roads of places to change horses (mutationes) and to stay overnight {mansiones). The mansio can be archaeologically difficult to identify, but is frequently sited near the town gate...

EnglishArchitectural

Manor

The focal point of the feudal societies that developed throughout Western Europe from the 8th and 9th centuries. The manor reflects the emphasis upon landholding in feudal society, and the relation of the village workforce to the lord who owned the manor. Very few manors have been excavated. The ...

Mano

Hand-held stone implement, used throughout the Americas for milling, grinding or pounding operations. Most often used in conjunction with a metate, it is a hallmark artefact in defining the economic or subsistence base of prehistoric societies. Its forms vary considerably, from a barely modified ...

Manioc

The principal staple of agricultural groups of the forest lowlands of northeastern South America. Probably first cultivated in what is now Venezuela in c2000 be, its use spread west to the coast of Peru and south into the Amazon Basin. It is normally divided into sweet and bitter varieties, and t...

Mangaasi

A long-lived pottery tradition of central Vanuatu (New Hebrides), dated to between c700 be and ad 1600. This is a Melanesian tradition, with parallels in the northern Solomons and New Caledonia, quite separate from the ancestral Polynesian Lapita culture.

Manda

A site located in the Lamu Archipelago off the coast of Kenya, showing evidence for an urban-type settlement with numerous stone-built houses from the 9th century ad onwards. Stone architecture was more advanced than at the contemporary settlement at Kilwa, and imported luxury goods more plentifu...

Manching

An oppidum near Ingolstadt, Bavaria, southern Germany, dating to the Middle La Tène period, 2nd-1st centuries BC. This enormous site covered some 380 hectares, enclosed by a rampart 7 km long of murus gallicus type. Large-scale excavations in the interior have revealed areas of housing and worksh...

Mancheng

[Man-ch’eng]. District in Hebei province, China, where very large rock-cut tombs of the Han prince Liu Sheng (¿113 bc) and his wife Dou Wan were discovered in 1968. The tombs, each of several chambers, were underground palaces: they openly imitate features of buildings above ground, and many of t...

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