Deverel-Rimbury Culture

MÖ 15.-12. yüzyıllarda Güney Britanya'da yaşanan bir Bronz Çağı kültürü. Adını Dorset'teki iki bölgeden almıştır ve Kelt tarlaları, çekirdekli küçük çiftlikler ve çitlerle çevrili sığır muhafazaları ve ya d&uum...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Tartessos

Guadalquivir Vadisi'nin ağzında yer alan erken ticaret krallığı, antik yazarlar tarafından altın, gümüş, kalay ve kurşun kaynağı olarak tanımlanan yarı efsanevi bir şehre ev sahipliği yapıyordu. Bu yer, aslında Tartessos olarak bilinen Geç Bronz Çağı topluluğuna aitti ve Río Tinto madenleri de da...

archaeologsTurkishCultures, Nations, Place Names

Andronovo Culture

Don ve Yenisey nehirleri arasında, M.Ö. 2. binyıla tarihlenen güney Sibirya kültürü. Bu geniş alanda kültür nispeten tek tipti ve tarım büyük bir rol oynadı. Buğday ve arpa yetiştiriliyor, sığır, at ve koyun kullanılıyordu. Afansievo'nun yerini alan me...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Afanasievo Culture

Güney Sibirya'nın Yenisey vadisinde Neolitik bir kültür. Hayvan yetiştiricisi ve avcı olan insanlar muhtemelen MÖ 3. binyılın sonlarında bölgeye taşınmışlardır. Kazılar, yuvarlak taş duvarlarla çevrili kurganların (alçak tümsekler) altındaki mezarları o...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Kassites

MÖ 1595 civarında Hitit akını sonrası Babil'i işgal eden ve farklı bir kültür ve dil sahibi olan Orta Zagros dağlarındaki bir halk. İşgal, MÖ 1157 civarında Asur ve Elam tarafından şehrin fethi ile sona erdi. Kassitler, muhtemelen Hint-Aryan aristokrasisi olan yöneticiler...

archaeologsTurkishNations, Cultures

Afanasievo

Güney Sibirya kültürü, muhtemelen M.Ö. 3. binyılın sonlarında başlayan bir kültürdür. Afanasievo halkı, bölgede ilk gıda üreticileriydi ve sığır, koyun ve at yetiştiriyorlardı, aynı zamanda avcılık da yapıyorlardı. Doğrudan tarım...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Amorites

"Batı" anlamına gelen bir Akadca kelime olan "Amor" terimi, Mezopotamya'nın batısındaki bölgede yaşayan bir grup göçebe kabileyi ifade etmektedir. Yazıtlar, onları M.Ö. 3. binyılın sonlarında Ur III Hanedanı'nın çöküşüyle ilişkilendirmekte, ancak diğer metinler onların Babil halkıyla barış içinde...

archaeologsTurkishNations, Cultures

Ozieri Culture

Geç Neolitik döneme ait Sardunya kültürü, mağaralardan ve açık köylerden bilinir ve M.Ö. 4. ve 3. binyıllara tarihlenir. Bu kültür, süslü ve yüksek kaliteli seramik üretmiştir. Klasik Ozieri süslemeli seramik...

archaeologsTurkishCultures, Ancient Pottery, Place Names

Larnian Culture

Die Larnier-Kultur ist eine prähistorische Kultur, die in der Jungsteinzeit in Irland und Nordengland existierte. Die Kultur wurde erstmals in den 1950er Jahren entdeckt und ist nach dem Fundort Lough Larne in Nordirland benannt. Die Larnier-Kultur ist vor allem für ihre Keramik bekannt...

archaeologsGermanCultures

Larnian Culture

La culture larnienne est une culture préhistorique qui a été découverte en Irlande et qui date du Néolithique. Elle est connue pour ses structures mégalithiques, ses outils en pierre et ses poteries. Les structures mégalithiques comprennent des tom...

archaeologsFrenchCultures

Boat-Ax Culture

MÖ 2000 dolaylarında, Geç Neolitik Dönem'de bulunan ve Avrupa Battle-Axe kültürlerinin bir aykırısı olan doğu İskandinavya kültürüdür. Bu tek mezar kültürü İsveç, Finlandiya ve Danimarka adalarında hızla yayılmıştır. İnsanlar, Orta Avrupa ticaret bağlantılarıyla homojen bir kültürün özelliklerini...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Füzesabony

Erken Macar Tunç Çağı'nın üçüncü aşaması, adını Heves'teki Tószeg Tell'den alıyor. MÖ 21-19. yüzyıl Füzesabony kültürü, Transilvanya/Ruman Osmanlı kültürünün Macar versiyonudur. Bilinen yerleşimlerin çoğu, bazen kalas ve kiriş zeminli, kalas ve ahşap çerçeveli evleri olan tahkimatsız yapılardır. ...

archaeologsTurkishCultures, Place Names

Srubnaya Culture

Srubnaya kültürü veya Ahşap-mezar kültürü, Karadeniz-Hazar bozkırlarının doğu kesiminde MÖ 18. ve 12. yüzyılları arasında, Geç Tunç Çağı'nda bulunmuş bir arkeolojik kültür. Kültür, Katakomb, Poltavka ve Potapovka kültürlerinin ardılı olmaktadır.

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Veterov Culture

Moravya'nın Erken Tunç Çağı kültürü ile Macar Erken Tunç Çağı maddi kültürü ve Bohemya'nın Unetice kültürü.

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Spitsyn Culture

Spitsin Kültürü, Avrupa Rusya'sında Don Nehri üzerindeki Erken Üst Paleolitik kültür, günümüzden yaklaşık 40.000-30.000 yıl önceye tarihlendirilmektedir. Eserleri arasında kalemler, düzeltili dilgiler ve kazıyıcılar, kemik aletler ve süs eşyaları bulunmaktadır. ...

archaeologsTurkishCultures

Wessex Culture

Early Bronze Age culture of southern Britain characterized by a group of very rich burials under round barrows of special types (bell, disc and saucer barrows and enclosures strangely labelled ‘pond barrows’). The burials are usually divided into two groups, with inhumation predominating in the e...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Veselinovo

The eponymous tell site of the Karanovo III culture, located near Jambol, eastern Bulgaria, and dated to the late 5th millennium be. Excavated by V. Mikov, the site has a five-metre stratigraphy with Middle Neolithic and Early Bronze Age occupation horizons. The Veselinovo culture represents an e...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Vadastra

The eponymous tell site for a Middle Neolithic culture distributed in Oltenia, southwest Rumania, and northern Bulgaria in the late 5th millennium be. The tell has a long stratigraphy including an Aurig-nacian level, separated by a long hiatus from two Vadastra culture levels and a Salcuta cultur...

archaeologsEnglishCultures, Place Names

Usatovo Culture

The type site for a regional group derived from the Late Tripolye culture (Tripolye C2), distributed in the Odessa region of the south Russian steppe zone. Dated to the mid-3rd millennium bc, the barrow cemetery at Usatovo was one of the richest in the steppe zone and lay next to a stone-built se...

archaeologsEnglishCultures, Architectural, Place Names

Usatovo Culture

Starcevo

The type site for the Yugoslav aspect of the Early Neolithic First Temperate Neolithic culture. Starcevo was first excavated in 1928-9 and 1933-5. On the basis of these early excavations, V. Milojcic published a four-fold typological division of the Starcevo culture. This scheme has proved inaccu...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Single Grave Culture

Name for the Late Neolithic cultures of Scandinavia, northern Germany and the Low Countries, part of a larger complex extending right across the north European plain and labelled Battleaxe or Corded ware cultures; the Globular Amphora culture may also be part of this group. Characterized by the p...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Sidemi Culture

[Shell Midden culture]. Culture found in the Vladivostok area of eastern Siberia from the late 2nd millennium bc. The population lived in coastal settlements of semi-subterranean houses, which are associated with shell middens. Fish and shellfish were clearly important in the diet, but pigs and d...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Shell Mound Culture

See Sidemi culture.

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Shell Mound Culture

Old Cordilleran Culture

Late Pleistocene culture which pursued a generalized hunting and gathering way of life in the high ground of the Pacific Cordilleran Mountains. The characteristic artefact is a leaf-shaped bifacial projectile point (Cascade point) which was first identified from sites in the Cascade Mountains of ...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Old Copper Culture

Unique middle/late Archaic development occurring in the Great Lakes region of Wisconsin and Michigan, USA. Characterized by hammered and annealed copper implements (such as spear points, knives, awls and atlatl weights) its best-known assemblages are from Osceola and Ocanto. Made from surface dep...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Michelsberg

A Neolithic culture of the late 4th and early 3rd millennia be, found mostly in the Rhineland and stretching from Belgium in the north to Switzerland in the south. Connections have been claimed both with the north European TRB culture and with the west European cultures such as Chassey and Windmi...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Majiabang

[Ma-chia-pang]. A Neolithic site in Jiaxing, northern Zhejiang province, China, near Shanghai. The name ‘Majiabang culture’ commonly refers to the descendants of the 5th millennium bc Hemudu lower-level culture in the region south of the Yangzi near Shanghai. The Majiabang culture comprises two p...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Magdalenian

The last major culture of the French Upper Palaeolithic is called the Magdalenian from the type site of La Madeleine in the Dordogne, southwest France. It dates from approximately 16,000-10,000 be, according to radiocarbon, and has been divided into six phases. There are no clear distinctive feat...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Lycia

An area on the southern coast of Turkey which became a kingdom in the 1st millennium bc. Groups identified as Lycians are mentioned in the 14th century bc Amarna letters as pirates in the East Mediterranean, and were later among the Peoples of the Sea who attacked Egypt. Little is known about the...

archaeologsEnglishCultures, Regions

Linear Pottery Culture

The English name for the German Linienbandkeramik (or LBK for short) culture, sometimes also known as the Danubian I culture. It denotes the first farming culture in central Europe, dated <4500-4000 be in its core area, lasting as late as 3200 be on its periphery. The Linear Pottery core area of ...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Levalloiso-Mousterian

This name has been used for the Mousterian cultures found at Mount Carmel and other east Mediterranean sites. It was once thought that Levallois flakes signified a Levalloisian culture, while side scrapers indicated a Mousterian culture, and when the two were found together it was tempting to cal...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

LBK (Linienbandkeramik) Culture

See Linear pottery culture.

archaeologsEnglishCultures

LBK (Linienbandkeramik) Culture

Lapita Culture

The major archaeological culture of the southwestern Pacific, named after the site of Lapita in New Caledonia, the Lapita culture spans the area from New Guinea to Samoa between cl500 and 500 bc, after which it loses coherence. Lapita sites are characterized by homogeneous dentate-stamped pottery...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Lapita Culture

Hamburgian

A late glacial culture of Northern Europe. At the site of Meiendorf near Hamburg and at other sites in north Germany and Holland reindeer-hunters’ camps are found which date from about 11,000 be. Although they have quite a lot in common with the contemporary Magdalenian, they have been grouped un...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Hamangia

The Hamangia culture is distributed along the dry Black Sea coast of south Rumania and north Bulgaria, dating from the late 5th millennium bc to c3700 bc. These sites represent the earliest known farming culture in this steppe area; settlements are mostly singlephase, with more emphasis on mixed ...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Gandhara Grave Culture

Culture of the 2nd and 1st millennia bc found in northwestern Pakistan. Characteristic burials are in tombs consisting of two small chambers, one on top of the other; the lower chamber contained both the burial (either inhumed or cremated) and the grave goods, while the upper chamber was empty. T...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Gandhara Grave Culture

First Northern Culture

See TRB culture.

archaeologsEnglishCultures

First Northern Culture

Effigy Mound Culture

A Middle/Late Woodland group (possibly an extension of Hopewell) centred on the upper Mississippi Valley to the west of Lake Michigan, USA. It is characterized by the construction of low mounds of various shapes, especially (though not always) life forms. Bundled, flexed and cremated burials are ...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Effigy Mound Culture

Danubian Culture

Term used by Gordon Childe to describe the sequence of prehistoric cultures found in central Europe, along the valley.of the Danube and other rivers; it is not often used today. Danubian I is the Linear Pottery culture; Danubian II the later Neolithic cultures, such as Tisza, Lengyel, Stroke-Orna...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Culture

As used by archaeologists, the term has two separate meanings. In the more general sense it refers to everything that man does that derives from ‘nurture rather than nature’ (V.G. Childe), that is, behaviour that is learned rather than genetically controlled. An alternative definition of culture ...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Circumpolar Cultures

Alternatively labelled Arctic Stone Age, these cultures are found in the most northerly regions of Eurasia. The population remained hunter-gatherers long after farming had been established further south, exploiting food sources such as elk, reindeer and seal. In some areas, a lively rock art is f...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Butmir

As with many type sites excavated in the early 20th century and before, Butmir, situated near Sarajevo in Bosnia, Yugoslavia, is not characteristic of the whole of the Butmir culture. The site represents a classic, or late, phase of the culture, defined by richly decorated ceramics (especially sp...

archaeologsEnglishCultures, Place Names

Anglo-Saxon

Broad term used to describe the majority of the Germanic peoples who settled in England during the 5th and 6th centuries. The name derives from two specific groups — the Angles of Jutland and the Saxons from northern Germany — who were probably among the migrants. Earlier archaeological work conc...

archaeologsEnglishNations, Cultures, Architectural